Infection

The 7-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with croup and is admitted. The nurse informs the patient's parents that the patient will be placed in a room filled with mist for which purpose?

The patient presents to the urgent care clinic with a hand laceration sustained while using pruning shears in the garden. Which vaccine is most important for this patient?

The patient presents to the clinic following being bitten by a bat while cleaning out a barn. The nurse anticipates administering which vaccine?

The patient presents to the emergency department complaining of severe headache and muscle and joint pain that started two days ago. Vital signs are significant for a heart rate of 112 bpm and temperature of 103°F. Upon assessment, the nurse notes a maculopapular rash on the patient’s wrists. Which question is most helpful in determining the cause of this patient’s symptoms?

The patient presents with diffuse maculopapular rash, fever, myalgia, arthralgia and headache. The patient reports several tick bites after hiking two weeks ago, which prompts the provider to suspect Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Which test confirms the diagnosis?

The patient has been diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). The nurse is aware this patient’s symptoms are caused by which microorganism?

The nurse asks a patient to provide a urine sample for a urine culture. When the nurse returns 3 hours later, the patient says the urine sample has been sitting by the bed for the last 2 hours. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

The nurse is reviewing the results of a patient’s sputum culture as part of a sepsis evaluation. The culture tested positive for Acinetobacter baumannii. Which is the most appropriate interpretation of these results?

The patient presents to the emergency department and states, "I don't remember being bitten, but it looks like I have a spider bite on my foot." Upon assessment, the nurse notes cellulitis and a large boil that is subsequently lanced and drained. The nurse anticipates administering which antibiotic?

The patient who resides in a long term care facility is admitted to the hospital for an acute decrease in level of consciousness, confusion, and dehydration due to anorexia. The patient’s arterial blood gas, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, breath sounds, and bowel sounds are all within normal limits. The nurse anticipates which diagnosis?

The patient with pneumonia who has been taking PO azithromycin for four days contacts the clinic to report itching and burning in her vagina. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

The patient with signs of sepsis was started on a broad spectrum antibiotic. The patient's blood culture has grown gram-positive cocci in clusters resistant to penicillin but susceptible to methicillin. Which antibiotic is appropriate?

The patient with severe fatigue and muscle wasting due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is experiencing pain. Which nonpharmacological therapy is most appropriate to include in this patient’s treatment plan?

The nurse is preparing to draw blood from a patient who requires multiple laboratory tests. Which lab does the nurse draw first?

The nurse is assigned to care for a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with an infected boil that requires lancing. Which personal protective equipment does the nurse don? Select all that apply.

The nurse is admitting a patient positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A fellow nurse states, “This patient is on contact precautions for his HIV status. You need to wear an isolation gown in addition to your gloves.” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

A 12-year-old male patient has received the first dose of the human papillomavirus vaccine in May of this year. When will the nurse schedule an appointment for him to come back to receive his second and third doses?

A 6-day-old neonate in the newborn intensive care unit has been prescribed oxacillin for a suspected central line-associated bloodstream infection. The nurse receives the following order: oxacillin IV 50 mg/kg/day, divided q12h. The neonate weighs 2 lb. 11 oz and the pharmacy dispenses the medication in a concentration of 20 mg/mL. How many milliliters will the nurse administer for each dose? Round your answer to the nearest tenth decimal place.

A 14-year-old patient presents to the clinic complaining of right outer ear pain. Which characteristic most likely explains the cause of the pain?

Which patient is appropriate to assign to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?

The nurse is providing education to a patient with localized shingles. Which statement by the patient indicates the teaching was effective?

The 8-year-old presents with a generalized rash. The patient's mother reports that some areas of the rash have developed into pimples that are oozing clear fluid. The nurse places this patient on which type of precaution(s)? Select all that apply.

The patient’s stool sample is positive for Entamoeba histolytica. The nurse plans education about which class of medication for this patient?

Which statement by a patient with mumps indicates an understanding of the diagnosis?

Which statement by the family member of a patient who has Guillain-Barré Syndrome indicates that they understand the nurse’s teaching on the disease process?

Which patient requires the most immediate attention?

The patient with bloody diarrhea and liver abscess is diagnosed with an Entamoeba histolytica infection. The nurse anticipates administering which medication?

Which complication is of greatest concern for the patient with nephrotic syndrome?

The patient receiving levothyroxine for hypothyroidism reports treatment failure after the third dose increase. The nurse anticipates the provider to order which test for this patient?

The nurse is planning care for a patient returning from surgery for a colon resection and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Which interventions does the nurse employ to prevent surgical site infection? Select all that apply.

The 6-month-old infant is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with a diffuse purpuric rash and prolonged bleeding. The nurse notes the fingers on the right hand are pale and cool to the touch. Which question asked of the parents will be the most helpful in diagnosing this patient’s condition?

The patient with type I diabetes mellitus has contracted influenza A. Which lab must be most closely monitored in this patient to prevent a life-threatening complication?

The premature neonate with severe intrauterine growth restriction is being evaluated for possible in utero TORCH organism exposure. The nurse obtains lab specimens to test for which organisms? Select all that apply.

The pregnant patient has experienced preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) at 32 weeks. The patient is not in active labor. The nurse is aware this patient is most at risk for which complication?

The patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) wishes his diagnosis to remain confidential. The patient’s insurance company calls to ask questions about the diagnosis prior to releasing payment for his medical treatment. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

A unit has experienced a significant rise in the incidence of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which action item will be most effective to reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired UTIs?

A paper cut represents which step in the chain of infection?

Which nursing intervention will be most effective in preventing the spread of Clostridium difficile between patients?

The nurse suspects that a patient has Ludwig’s angina. Which action does the nurse take first?

Which interventions does the nurse implement for the patient diagnosed with Clostridium difficile? Select all that apply.

The 50-year-old patient receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer has developed a fungal bloodstream infection. Which intervention is the nurse’s first consideration?

The nurse is caring for a 21-year-old diagnosed with Lyme disease. Which feature suggests this is early localized disease?

The patient who will be travelling out of the country soon is concerned about traveler's diarrhea. How does the nurse counsel the patient? 

The patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is receiving zidovudine (AZT). The nurse requests an order for which lab test to monitor adverse effects of the drug?

The patient with Guillain-Barre Syndrome is ordered to undergo plasmapheresis. Which rationale for the procedure does the nurse provide to the patient and family? 

The nurse is collecting a urine specimen from a 44-year-old woman with dysuria. Which instructions does the nurse provide to the patient? Select all that apply.

The nurse observes the affected eye of the patient with newly diagnosed Bell's palsy is not closing fully and performs which interventions? Select all that apply.

The 5-year-old boy with measles cries when the nurse enters the room and turns on the lights. The nurse is most concerned about which reason behind the patient's behavior?

The nurse is assigned to a 55-year-old patient with Streptococcus viridans endocarditis who is receiving penicillin and amikacin. The nurse is vigilant for which adverse effect?

The nurse is assigned to a 45-year-old HIV-positive male patient who is admitted with a MRSA skin infection on his right arm secondary to intravenous drug use. The patient is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Twenty minutes after starting the vancomycin infusion, the patient develops a mild erythematous macular rash on the face, trunk and extremities. Which action is performed first?