The 82-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with chest pain that started four hours ago. Vascular access is a challenge and the nurse is only able to draw enough blood for one test. The nurse sends the sample to the lab for which test?

The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a patient in the intensive care unit and finds the patient’s lactate to be 5.4 mmol/L. Which additional value is most responsible for this value?

The nurse is assigned to a patient who is suffering from a small bowel obstruction. The patient has a history of multiple abdominal surgeries. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s small bowel obstruction?