Fluid and Electrolytes

The nurse is caring for a 48-year-old male patient who is receiving 20 mg of furosemide (Lasix) OD. Which information is most important to tell the oncoming nurse?

The nurse is providing medication teaching to a patient receiving lithium for management of bipolar disorder. The nurse instructs the patient to take in similar levels of which nutrient each day?

The 82-year-old patient has voided 240 mL in a 24-hour period. Which term does the nurse use to report this finding?

Two days after receiving a kidney transplant, the patient complains of flank pain. Which urine output, if reported by the unlicensed assistive personnel, is most concerning to the nurse? 

Which test is most helpful to diagnose kidney failure?

The nurse is providing dietary education to a patient with nephrotic syndrome. Which dietary change does the nurse counsel the patient to make?

The nurse is assigned to a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) about to undergo his first round of chemotherapy. The patient’s WBC is 120,000/uL and his LDH is 3 times the upper limit of normal. Which intervention is most important?

The nurse is instructed to assess the patient’s postvoid urine residual volume. Which is the best method by the nurse to perform this task?

The nurse on the telemetry floor is reviewing EKG readings of the patients. The nurse notes one patient, who is taking digoxin, to have peaked T waves and a prolonged PR interval. The nurse contacts the provider to report concerns for which possible impending condition?

The patient reports being hungry prior to the breakfast tray delivery. When the nurse checks on the patient an hour after the tray was delivered, the nurse notes the patient has not eaten any of the food. Which initial nursing action is most appropriate? 

Which finding is expected in the patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

The patient who underwent an upper gastrointestinal radiographic study requires which post-procedure instruction?

Which statement by a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus indicates understanding of teaching about the recommended diet?

Which statement by a patient recently diagnosed with congestive heart failure indicates an understanding of the teaching provided by the nurse?

The patient is experiencing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. The nurse recognizes malfunction of which structure is responsible for this disorder?

Following brain surgery, the patient is producing massive volumes of dilute urine. The nurse suspects which structure was inadvertently harmed during the surgery?

The nurse is reviewing the patient’s urinalysis and notes the presence of rare epithelial cells. Which interpretation of this finding is correct?

Which complication is of greatest concern for the patient with nephrotic syndrome?

The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child with nephrotic syndrome. Which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?

The nurse receives report on a 76-year-old patient who is recovering from surgery for creation of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. The nurse plans care to prevent which complication that is most specific to this patient?

The urine output of a 40-year-old male patient with a urethral catheter has decreased from 80 mL/h to 15 mL/h. Which action should the nurse take first?

The nurse assesses the patient’s capillary refill time to be 5 seconds. Which inference from this assessment is most appropriate?

The patient with type I diabetes mellitus has contracted influenza A. Which lab must be most closely monitored in this patient to prevent a life-threatening complication?

The patient with increased intracranial pressure has been administered mannitol. Which patient symptom indicates the drug is having its intended effect?

Place the nursing interventions for a 16-year-old patient in the hospital for severe malnutrition and depression with a history of falls in order from highest priority to lowest priority.

The nurse is supervising the care of a diabetic patient with stomach cancer. After surgery, the patient is placed on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which information does the nurse provide the nursing student about the TPN?

To which patient does the nurse most likely anticipate administering total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?

The patient with chronic malnourishment is started on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse is vigilant for signs of which complication?

The nurse is admitting a patient who is being transferred from a nursing home who has been bedridden for the past two months. The nurse anticipates the patient will have which electrolyte disturbances?

A patient comes into the ER with HR 122 bpm, BP 110/72 mm Hg, Temp 99.4 F, and RR 22. They report a racing feeling in their heart and have also been experiencing diarrhea for the last several months. Which lab result does the nurse anticipate?

Which statement by the patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) requires correction by the nurse?

Which events may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI)? Select all that apply.

Which lab value is most concerning for a patient who is being treated for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)?

Which food is best for a patient with hypokalemia?

The patient is pale and dizzy following a gunshot wound to the groin. Minimal bleeding is noted at the site. Vital signs are notable for a heart rate of 125 bpm and a blood pressure of 73/39 mm Hg. Two unsuccessful attempts have been made to establish an IV site. He loses consciousness. Which action does the nurse take next?

Which statement by the patient with systolic heart failure indicates an understanding of discharge teaching?

The 50-year-old patient receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer has developed a fungal bloodstream infection. Which intervention is the nurse’s first consideration?

Which assessment is most indicative of a pleural effusion?

The nurse is caring for a 48-year-old female diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Laboratory results reveal that the patient is experiencing mild hyperkalemia. Which independent nursing action is appropriate to manage the patient's hyperkalemia?

The nurse is caring for a 71-year-old who was recently diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the left eye. The nurse encourages the patient to increase dietary intake of which substances? 

The 5-day-old infant presents to the pediatrician's office for a well-baby visit. The parents report being happy that their child is a "good baby" who sleeps a lot and rarely cries. They also report the baby eats 4 times per day, sleeping for 8 hours at night. The nurse notes the baby is at the 70th percentile for weight. Upon assessment, the baby is minimally responsive. The nurse is most concerned about which condition? 

The nurse notes the patient being treated for chemical burns is hyperventilating. The nurse suspects which medication is the culprit of the patient's symptoms?

The nurse is assigned to care for a 31-year-old male with a past medical history significant for long-standing diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Current medications are metformin, furosemide, and captopril. Laboratory tests reveal serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L, so the patient is started on spironolactone. The nurse provides education about which side effect of therapy?

The patient has been prescribed lithium for treatment of bipolar disorder. Which instruction does the nurse include in teaching? 

The elderly patient is at risk for falls related to urinary incontinence. Which intervention is appropriate?

The patient has a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for the long-term administration of parenteral nutrition, oxacillin, and gentamicin. Which assessment findings, if present in the patient, indicate the patient is experiencing a complication of the PICC line? Select all that apply.

The patient presents to the emergency room complaining that his heart is racing and he feels dizzy. His heart rate is 220 bpm, his blood pressure is 80/40 mmHg, and his capillary refill is 5 seconds. He is diaphoretic and is becoming increasingly lethargic. The nurse anticipates which order first?

The family practice nurse is reviewing telephone messages from patients. Which call is to be returned first?

The nurse is planning care for the patient with severe liver disease who has substantial ascites and peripheral edema. Which interventions are included in the care plan? 

The patient complains of heart palpitations. The nurse understands which lab result is responsible for the patient's symptoms?