The 58-year-old patient presents to the emergency department of a community hospital complaining of worsening back pain that started a few days ago. He states, “I thought maybe I had slept wrong and gotten a spasm, but I’m not sure. I didn’t fall or get hit or anything. The ibuprofen I took definitely didn’t help.” His blood pressure is 174/96 mmHg and heart rate is 96 bpm. He reports being out of his antihypertensive medication for the past week while he was out of town. Other history is notable for arthritis in the hands and a 44-pack-year smoking history. He drinks socially but denies illicit drug use. A pulsating abdominal mass is noted; otherwise, his assessment is benign. The nurse advocates for which treatment option? 

The nurse is caring for a patient who natively speaks Japanese and speaks English proficiently. The nurse needs to obtain informed consent for a surgical procedure the patient needs urgently. Which action does the nurse take?

The patient’s family requests a second opinion after being told the patient will never regain consciousness following a motor vehicle accident. The family is exhibiting which of the Kubler-Ross stages of grief?