The nurse is collecting data from the parents of a seven-year-old boy who often has liquid stool in his underwear. The parents report he developed urinary and stool incontinence at four years of age and this problem started about six months ago. Their son excretes small pellets of stool every night before bed, and the parents wonder if he is soiling his clothing on purpose. Which additional testing does the nurse anticipate at this point?

The nurse is caring for a 30-year-old female patient with ulcerative colitis. The nurse decides to include ‘risk for altered skin integrity related to frequent and loose bowel movement’. Which of the following is most helpful in preventing perianal skin breakdown?

The 82-year-old patient has voided 240 mL in a 24-hour period. Which term does the nurse use to report this finding?