The nurse is caring for a morbidly obese patient that requires a lumbar puncture. The physician is having trouble identify surface landmarks. Which of the following is the best body position for this procedure to ensure patient safety?

The nurse witnesses a healthy 19-year-old collapse while playing football. The individual is arousable but confused and irritable. The skin is warm, dry, and flushed. The nurse instructs a teammate to bring the water cooler and pours it over the victim. The teammate shouts, “Why did you do that?! Won’t he go into shock?”  The nurse bases the response on the need for rapid cooling to prevent which conditions? Select all that apply.  

The nurse notices that the patient’s peripheral IV insertion site is red and indurated. What action does the nurse perform first?