The subclavian vein is preferred (over the internal jugular vein) in an adult with normal kidney function because it reduces the risk for central line-associated bloodstream infection. However, in a patient with advanced kidney disease or a patient receiving hemodialysis, the subclavian vein should be avoided to reduce the risk for vein stenosis, which may prohibit the use of the subclavian vein for hemodialysis access. The femoral vein should be avoided because it increases the risk for central line-associated bloodstream infection. The external jugular vein is considered a peripheral access site; not a central venous access site.