The nurse is attempting to interpret the arterial blood gas results of an adult male patient with metabolic acidosis who has a bicarbonate (HCO3-) level of 18. Using the Winter formula, determine the expected pCO2 that would indicate this patient is compensating for the metabolic acidosis. Enter your answer using a whole number.

The nurse witnesses a healthy 19-year-old collapse while playing football. The individual is arousable but confused and irritable. The skin is warm, dry, and flushed. The nurse instructs a teammate to bring the water cooler and pours it over the victim. The teammate shouts, “Why did you do that?! Won’t he go into shock?”  The nurse bases the response on the need for rapid cooling to prevent which conditions? Select all that apply.  

The patient’s arterial blood gas and serum electrolyte results are as follows: pH 7.28, PCO2 = 32, PaO2 = 59, HCO3- = 16, SaO2 = 88%, Sodium = 149, Potassium 3.9, Chloride 112. Calculate this patient’s anion gap. Enter your answer using a whole number.