Pregnant women with HIV should receive antiretroviral therapy even if their CD4 counts are high enough that they would not normally require HIV treatment. Certain antiretrovirals are considered to have acceptable risk in this setting. This is to protect the fetus from exposure during gestation, delivery, and during breastfeeding. HIV can be transmitted through the placenta and through breastmilk. The decision to breastfeed or not should be carefully considered and probably avoided in resource-rich settings. The infant should receive post-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis after delivery and extending for several weeks.