The patient presents with acute confusion after she was found outside by the police, and it appears she has taken some kind of illegal substance. She is unable to answer any questions. Which finding most indicates abuse?

The patient with a long history of alcohol use disorder is admitted to the hospital for observation at risk for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The nurse anticipates which symptoms to peak 24 to 36 hours after the patient’s last drink? Select all that apply.

The patient is verbally aggressive with a nurse and threatens physical violence unless he is given an IV dose of hydromorphone (Dilaudid). Which initial action by the nurse is appropriate?