The nurse is caring for a patient with severe congestive heart failure (CHF). Peripheral perfusion is stable at present on medical therapy. On exam, the patient has significant jugular venous distention and peripheral edema, as well as dyspnea secondary to pulmonary edema. Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding this patient’s volume status and needs?

Which explanation of the mechanism of action of the cutaneous stimulation method in reducing pain is correct?

The nurse is collecting data from the parents of a seven-year-old boy who often has liquid stool in his underwear. The parents report he developed urinary and stool incontinence at four years of age and this problem started about six months ago. Their son excretes small pellets of stool every night before bed, and the parents wonder if he is soiling his clothing on purpose. Which additional testing does the nurse anticipate at this point?