Which events may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI)? Select all that apply.

The patient is brought to the emergency department (ED) after falling down and being briefly unconsciousness. The patient’s wife is with him and tells the nurse in private, “He’s not been like himself. He’s verbally abusive, now, and mean. He was always the sweetest man I ever knew.” The nurse suspects testing will reveal a lesion in which lobe of the brain?

A nurse is assigned to a 75-year-old patient with head trauma secondary to falling down the stairs at home. The patient is stable initially, complaining of headache and some dizziness, but no focal neurologic signs. That evening, the patient acutely becomes altered and rapidly loses consciousness. Which of the following most likely explains this patient’s condition?