Which physiologic event causes the functional closure of the foramen ovale after birth?

The nurse is assessing the skin of a patient who uses a wheelchair for mobility. The nurse notes an area over the patient’s left ischium that is shiny and pinkish-red with a serous exudate. The area measures 5 cm x 4 cm and depth of the wound is insignificant. Which of the following terms is the most appropriate for the nurse to use when documenting this finding?

The nurse is assigned to a patient with chronic alcoholism and alcoholic cirrhosis. Examination of the patient is significant for dilated tortuous veins around his umbilicus and internal hemorrhoids. On the morning of his third day of the current admission, the patient acutely begins to vomit up large amounts of blood. Which describes the pathophysiology that most likely caused this event?