Compartment syndrome is a condition in which pressures within one of the extremities increases to the point that it compromises blood flow and oxygenation to the tissues. Extremity fracture is one of the most common causes of compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome causes swelling, pain out of proportion to the injury, decreased sensation, slow capillary refill, and other symptoms related to tissue damage in the affected extremity. Elevated compartment pressures confirm the diagnosis. The necessary treatment for compartment syndrome is fasciotomy in which the pressure in the affected limb is released by cutting through the tough fascia that surrounds the compartment. If fasciotomy is not performed in a timely matter, the limb can be lost. Casting and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) are not related to compartment syndrome.