The 28-year-old G2P1 patient presents after rupture of membranes 2 hours ago at 39 weeks gestation. She has a history of prior cesarean section for failure to progress but is otherwise healthy; this pregnancy is uncomplicated. Contractions are painful and labor is progressing. Abruptly, the patient complains of extreme abdominal pain; the nurse observes a small amount of blood coming from her vagina. Which assessment prompts the nurse to prepare the patient for an emergency cesarean section? 

The 36-hour-old neonate who was born at 37 weeks gestation to a G3P2 mother has yet to pass meconium. The baby was born by cesarean section due to refractory preeclampsia with severe features. The mother reports the baby has been breastfeeding well after a slow first 12 hours. Upon assessment, the baby appears well with good tone and responsiveness. The baby’s anus is patent and the abdomen is soft and rounded; bowel sounds present. The mother denies emesis in the baby. An abdominal x-ray is obtained, which is normal. The nurse informs the mother that which test will be performed next? 

The nurse uses which technique to counsel a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) about quitting smoking?