The patient’s father is observed pressing the patient’s patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump while the patient is asleep. The nurse attempts to arouse the patient, who only opens the eyes after being pinched. Once aroused, the patient is able to raise the hand upon request. When asked what the year is, the patient responds with the previous year. The nurse reports the patient’s condition to the provider with which number on the Glasgow Coma Scale? Enter your response using a whole number.

Which assessment would prompt the nurse to document gynecomastia?

The patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) experiences destruction of type II pneumocytes. This damage first results in which pathophysiological event?