The nurse is caring for a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). After morning rounds, the nurse notices the rate of TPN infusion is slower than what is ordered for the patient and is three hours behind schedule. There are no nursing notes, and the rate was not mentioned on sign-out. Which initial action is most appropriate?

The nurse is admitting a patient positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A fellow nurse states, “This patient is on contact precautions for his HIV status. You need to wear an isolation gown in addition to your gloves.” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Following nephrectomy surgery, the patient is groggy and continuously pulls at the IV inserted in the right arm. Which intervention is most appropriate to protect the IV?