The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test provides an average blood glucose level for the previous three months; Normal Hb1c is below 5.7%; pre-diabetes is 5.7-6.4%; diabetes is 6.5% and above. A single blood glucose check shows a “real time” result, which is useful for managing hyper- and hypo-glycemic episodes, but doesn’t give a long-term picture. A food log provides an opportunity for client teaching in one of the treatment areas. A client’s BMI may be a factor in diabetes risk, medication dosage, and other areas of treatment, but does not directly assist in evaluating the treatment plan’s effectiveness.