The nurse is evaluating the arterial blood gas results of the patient on hospice with the following respiratory pattern: The patient’s PaCO₂ is 62 mm Hg, which is 20 mm Hg higher than the previous ABG. The nurse understands the patient’s blood gas was drawn at which period in the patient’s respiratory cycle?

The 18-year-old patient in sickle cell crisis has received multiple blood transfusions. During the shift assessment, the nurse notes the patient’s heart rate is 132 bpm, blood pressure is 102/58 mmHg, and the sclera are yellow. Which lab result would be surprising for this patient?  

The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a patient in the intensive care unit and finds the patient’s lactate to be 5.4 mmol/L. Which additional value is most responsible for this value?