The nurse is assessing the arteriovenous fistula in the patient’s right arm; it is without thrill or bruit. Which action does the nurse take next?

The nurse is caring for a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis complicated by abdominal ascites. A diagnostic paracentesis is performed. Shortly after the procedure, the patient becomes hypotensive and quickly loses consciousness. On exam, the patient is pale, peripheral pulses are faint, and extremities are cool to the touch. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient’s condition?

Upon insertion of an intravenous catheter, bright red blood is noted prior to attaching the tubing. Which initial action is appropriate?