Cardiac tamponade, or pressure on the heart due to fluid or blood built up between the heart muscle and the pericardium, impairs the ability of the heart to pump effectively. The chambers of the heart itself remains normal, but conditions on the outside of the heart result in decreased cardiac output and obstructive shock. Sepsis is a whole-body infection and inflammation and leads to distributive shock, wherein blood volume is not lost from the body but is redistributed into the interstitial tissues and does not perfuse organs. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction causing anaphylactic shock, a form of distributive shock. Spinal cord trauma is also a cause of distributive shock.