The patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus complains of worsening vision. Retinal changes are noted on ophthalmoscopic examination. The nurse prepares the patient for which test for diagnostic confirmation?

The 50-year-old previously healthy patient complains of shortness of breath, especially on exertion or when laying down to sleep. She takes over-the-counter allergy medicine for seasonal allergies and melatonin to help her sleep sometimes. Her vital signs are heart rate of 64 bpm, respirations 22, oxygen saturation 99%, and blood pressure 114/68 mmHg. Her assessment is notable for crackles over the bilateral lung bases and a moderate diastolic apical murmur. The nurse prepares the patient for which initial tests? Select all that apply. 

The patient is brought to the emergency department after being pulled from a structure fire by rescue personnel. A stat bronchoscopy is ordered. The nurse informs the patient's spouse of which rationale for this order?